``` CD ".." CD ".." ``` or alternatively: ``` CD "c:/docs/cpm" CD "c:/docs/extra-hw" CD ".." CD ".." ``` However it's much less typing to just do: ``` CD "/docs/cpm" CD "../extra-hw" CD "/" ``` It's easy to see that the navigational shortcuts are quicker. The *dot command* equivalent of **CD** is **.cd** with the optional switch --**verbose** which performs the functions of both **CD** and **PWD** (see below) in order. A small deviation from the syntax of **CD** is that it allows specific shortcuts to navigate quickly to the top folder of a deeply nested hierarchy. These are: **.cd ...** Functionally equivalent to two successive **CD** ".." commands\ **.cd ....** Functionally equivalent to three successive **CD** ".." commands\ **.cd .....** Functionally equivalent to four successive **CD** ".." commands #### PWD **PWD** (for Print Working Directory) prints the current *drive* and *folder* to the screen or an optional stream number. **PWD**'s syntax is as follows: **PWD** *[#n]* In a *NextZXOS* context **PWD** is very useful, however you cannot assign its output to a *NextBASIC* variable that easily for use inside our programs. In order to do that, one should be a little creative (skipping ahead to the next chapter) and use the optional *stream* parameter in a manner identical to the trick we used to get time from our RTC back in *Chapter 17*. Type: ``` DIM d$(255):OPEN #2,"v>d$":PWD #2:CLOSE #2: PRINT d$ ``` with which we define a fixed size string variable **d$**, then open stream **2** and assign it to channel **V** which redirects its output to **d$**. We then invoke **PWD** with output redirection to stream **2** which in essence takes its normal screen output and via *channel* **v** sends it to **d$**, before closing the stream and printing **d$**. We did exactly what **PWD** would do normally (that is print the working directory on the screen) but also managed to store it in a variable for use later. **PWD** doesn't have a dot command equivalent with the same name. Instead you only need to use **.cd** --**verbose** without a *filespec*. The example above therefore becomes: ``` DIM d$(255):OPEN #2,"v>d$":.cd --verbose: CLOSE #2: PRINT d$ ``` You may notice that there's no *stream* defined after **.cd --verbose** and that's because you don't need it as *stream* **#2** is the screen anyway! It's obvious that the same applies to **PWD** above but **PWD** does offer the ability to redirect to a *stream* and that illustrated that fact quite nicely. As a matter of fact, you can completely omit the *stream* from the **PWD** statement in the previous example and it will function in the same manner; you will see why in the next chapter.